Repeated sneezing, a blocked nose or a runny nose can be frustrating, especially when these symptoms keep coming back. If they get worse around dust, pollen or pets, you may have allergic rhinitis. Also known as a nasal allergy, allergic rhinitis occurs when the immune system reacts to an allergen. It can affect people of all ages and may occur during certain seasons or throughout the year.

What Is Allergic Rhinitis?

Allergic rhinitis is an allergic reaction that affects the inside of the nose. When you breathe in something you are allergic to, your body releases chemicals such as histamine. This can cause sneezing, itching, a runny nose and nasal congestion.

Unlike the common cold, allergic rhinitis is not caused by a virus and is not contagious.

There are two common patterns:

• Seasonal allergic rhinitis: Symptoms occur at particular times of the year, often due to pollen.

• Perennial allergic rhinitis: Symptoms can occur throughout the year because of ongoing exposure to indoor allergens, such as dust mites or mold.

What Are the Symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis?

The symptoms can start soon after contact with an allergen. Common signs include:

• Frequent sneezing

• A runny or blocked nose

• Itching inside the nose

• Red, itchy or watery eyes

• An itchy throat or roof of the mouth

• Mucus dripping down the back of the throat

Some people also experience disturbed sleep or difficulty concentrating because of persistent nasal symptoms.

What Causes Allergic Rhinitis?

Allergic rhinitis develops when the immune system reacts to substances that are usually harmless. Common triggers include:

Dust mites: These tiny organisms live in household dust, mattresses, pillows and bedding.

Pollen: Pollen from trees, grasses and weeds can trigger seasonal symptoms.

Mold: Mold spores found in damp areas may cause symptoms in sensitive people.

Pet allergens: Proteins found in animal skin flakes and saliva can trigger nasal allergies.

Workplace allergens: Exposure to substances such as flour dust or wood dust may cause symptoms in some people.

Not everyone reacts to the same allergens. Paying attention to when your symptoms occur may help you identify possible triggers.

How Is Allergic Rhinitis Different From a Common Cold?

Both conditions can cause sneezing, a runny nose and nasal congestion, but there are some differences.

These signs can help you understand the possible cause of your symptoms, but a healthcare professional can advise you if you are unsure.

How Is Allergic Rhinitis Treated?

Treatment depends on your symptoms and what triggers them. The main options include reducing exposure to allergens and using suitable medicines.

1. Avoid Known Triggers

If dust triggers your symptoms, clean your home regularly and wash bedding often. If pollen is the cause, changing clothes after spending time outdoors may help reduce pollen brought inside. Keeping damp areas clean and well ventilated may also help limit mold.

2. Antihistamines

Antihistamines help relieve common allergy symptoms such as sneezing, an itchy nose and a runny nose. Some antihistamines may cause drowsiness, while others are less likely to do so. The choice of medicine depends on the person's symptoms, age and medical history. Consult a doctor to determine which antihistamine is most suitable for your symptoms.

3. Nasal Sprays

Certain nasal sprays help reduce inflammation or relieve nasal congestion. The right choice depends on your symptoms, age and medical history. Follow the product instructions or advice of a healthcare professional.

4. Prescription Medicines

If symptoms persist or interfere with daily activities, a doctor may recommend prescription treatment based on the severity of the symptoms and the patient's medical history. For certain allergy related symptoms, a doctor may prescribe a combination medicine such as [Montek LC Tablet], which contains montelukast and levocetirizine. It should be taken only as directed by a healthcare professional, after discussing its potential benefits and risks.

When Should You See a Doctor?

Speak to a healthcare professional if your symptoms keep returning, affect your sleep, become worse or do not improve with recommended treatment. You should also seek advice if you are unsure whether the symptoms are caused by an allergy or an infection. Get urgent medical attention for severe breathing difficulty or swelling of the tongue or throat.

FAQs

1. What are the early signs of allergic rhinitis?

Early signs of allergic rhinitis often include repeated sneezing, a runny nose, nasal itching and watery eyes. Symptoms may begin shortly after exposure to an allergen, such as pollen or dust mites.

2. Can allergic rhinitis cause breathing difficulties?

Allergic rhinitis mainly affects the nose, but it may occur alongside asthma, which can cause wheezing, chest tightness or shortness of breath. Severe breathing difficulty requires urgent medical attention.

3. How can allergic rhinitis symptoms be managed at home?

Reducing exposure to known allergens may help manage symptoms. Regularly washing bedding, cleaning dusty surfaces with a damp cloth, keeping indoor areas dry and limiting exposure to pollen when levels are high may be beneficial.

4. Can allergic rhinitis affect children?

Yes. Allergic rhinitis can affect children and may cause sneezing, nasal congestion, itchy eyes and disturbed sleep. If symptoms persist or interfere with school, sleep or daily activities, consult a doctor.

Author Details

Created By :  Dr Navami S M (BDS, Product Specialist)

 Reviewed By :  Arul Rajan G (Pharmacist)

Medical disclaimer

This article is for general educational purposes and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.

References

• NHS — Allergic Rhinitis: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/allergic-rhinitis/

• ACAAI — Hay Fever: https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/hay-fever/

• CDC — About the Common Cold: https://www.cdc.gov/common-cold/about/